A petition may be filed when a law enforcement officer receives credible information that a person (the “Respondent”) poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to themselves or others by having a firearm in their custody or control or by purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm.

Once a law enforcement officer receives credible information that a person “poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to themselves or others by having a firearm in their custody or control or by purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm” the law enforcement officer can file paperwork to obtain an Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order.

A law enforcement officer can obtain an affidavit from the Reporting Party that includes credible information to support the Court issuing a temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order. Effective June 20, 2025, a law enforcement officer may file a statement, in lieu of an affidavit from the Reporting Party, that contains “credible information that a law enforcement officer collected while carrying out the officer’s official duties”.

Once a law enforcement officer obtains either: 1) an affidavit from a Reporting Party or 2) a Law Enforcement Statement, the law requires a law enforcement officer to file a petition in the District Court in the county where the Respondent resides. The affidavit from the Reporting Party or the Law Enforcement Statement must be attached to the petition filed by the law enforcement officer so the judge is able to have enough information to consider granting a temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order.

Yes. A Word fillable-form has been created by the AOC to help a law enforcement officer prepare the information needed to file a petition with the court. In addition, an affidavit form has also been created for the Reporting Party to fill out, as well as a Law Enforcement Statement form.  The affidavit will need to be notarized.

Only a law enforcement officer may file a petition for an Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order. The individual for whom an Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is sought for is called the “Respondent”.

Law enforcement officer receives credible information that Respondent poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to self or others by having in the respondent’s custody or control or by purchasing, possessing or receiving a firearm. See NMSA 1978, § 40-17-5(D)

• The Reporting Party must fill out an affidavit with specific information to support a belief that the Respondent poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to themselves or others by having a firearm in their custody, control, or possession. The affidavit by the Reporting Party must be notarized.
• Effective June 20, 2025, a law enforcement officer may also file a petition based on credible information that the officer collected while carrying out the officer’s official duties. The petition must include a Law Enforcement Statement, which is a new form approved by the Supreme Court.
• Only a law enforcement officer, as defined in Section 40-17-2 NMSA 1978, may file a petition for an Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order. The petition must be notarized.
• The name, address, and date of birth of the Respondent must be included in the petition. The Respondent must be personally served with a copy of the petition and affidavit. The Respondent’s date of birth is required to be entered into the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).
• The name and address of the Reporting Party must be included, but may be sealed, upon request. Effective June 20, 2025, there is a new form approved by the Supreme Court that should be used to request the contact information for a Reporting Party to be sealed.  The Reporting Party will receive notice of the 10-day hearing and will need to appear to testify in court for the One-Year hearing.
• The petition must include a description of any lawsuit, complain, petition, restraining order, injunction or other legal action between the Reporting Party and the Respondent.
• The petition must include the quantities, types and locations of all firearms and ammunition the Petitioner believes to be in the Respondent’s ownership, possession, custody, or control.
• The Petitioner may ask the judge to order the immediate relinquishment of firearms by the Respondent.
• If a temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is denied, an amended petition, with additional information for the court to consider, may be filed.

A judge will review the information provided by the Reporting Party in the affidavit or the Law Enforcement Statement and the information contained in the petition. The law requires that the petition and accompanying affidavit from the Reporting Party or the Law Enforcement Statement include statements, actions or facts that support the belief that the Respondent poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to themselves or others by having a firearm in their custody or control or by purchasing, possessing or receiving a firearm before notice can be served and a judge holds a hearing. The burden of proof necessary for a temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is “probable cause.”

Specific facts shown by the petition that there is probable cause to believe Respondent poses a significant danger as defined above. See NMSA 1978, § 40-17-6(A)

A temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is in effect only until a hearing is held. The hearing must take place within ten (10) business days of the temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order being issued. The Respondent will need to be personally served with a copy of the petition, affidavit, temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order and notice of the 10-day hearing. The Reporting Party and the law enforcement officer will also receive notice of the 10-day hearing and should plan on attending the court hearing to provide the judge with information on whether a One-Year Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order should be granted.

A temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order will temporarily prohibit the Respondent from purchasing, receiving, or attempting to purchase or receive a firearm while the Order is in effect.  The Respondent’s name and date of birth will be entered into the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) once a temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is issued. This will prevent the Respondent from being able to purchase a firearm from a licensed firearms dealer until the 10-day hearing is held.

The temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order will also require the Respondent to relinquish (surrender) all firearms in the Respondent’s possession, custody, or control to either a law enforcement officer, a law enforcement agency, or a federal firearms licensee immediately upon service of the temporary Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order.

If the judge finds the Respondent is more likely than not to continue to pose a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to themselves or others by having a firearm in their custody or control or by purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm, then a One-Year Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order will be issued. For this reason, both the petitioner (law enforcement officer who filed the petition) and the Reporting Party should attend the One-Year hearing and provide enough evidence (testimony) for the judge to consider. The Respondent’s information will be updated in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) once a One-Year Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order is issued.

Preponderance of the evidence that Respondent poses a significant danger of causing imminent personal injury to self or others by having in the Respondent’s custody or control or by purchasing, possessing or receiving a firearm. See NMSA 1978, § 40-17-8(A)